Heritage and Conservation Register
| SHFA Heritage Register |
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| Item Name: | x - Not SHFA Eveleigh Railway - Locomotive Workshop Area | ||||||||||||||||
| Location: | Great Southern and Western Railway , Redfern | ||||||||||||||||
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| Primary Address: |
Great Southern and Western Railway Redfern NSW 2016 |
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| Alternate Addresses: |
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| Area/Group/Complex: | Built 4500433, Built 4500450, Built 4500459, Move 4500431 | Group ID: | |||||||||||||||
| Item Type: | Area/Complex/Group | Group: Transport - Rail | Category: Railway Workshop | ||||||||||||||
| Owner | Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority | ||||||||||||||||
| Current Use: | Public housing, Australian Technology Park, and temporary uses. | ||||||||||||||||
| Former Use: | Railway workshops and yards | ||||||||||||||||
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| Assessed Significance: | 3 | Endorsed Significance: | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Statement of Significance: |
The Eveleigh Railway Yards are some of the finest historic railway engineering workshops in the world and Eveleigh contains one of the most complete late 19th century and early 20th century forge installations, collection of cranes and power systems, in particular the hydraulic system. The place is of international significance and is one of Australia's finest industrial heritage items. The value of the place is increased by the fact that it is comprised of assemblages, collections and operational systems rather than individual items. Conversely, the significance has been reduced by its closure, relocation of some machinery and its disassociation from the operating rail network. (State Projects 1995: 109) | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical Notes or Provenance: |
When John Whitton first conceived the idea of the Eveleigh Railway Workshops, they were to undertake the construction of the infrastructure of the railways including the safe working systems and some of the perway systems. However, their main tasks were the maintenance and repair of locomotives and railway stock and the manufacture of rolling stock such as wagons and passenger carriages. At the time there were no other facilities in NSW for the construction of locomotives. The workshops were set up on both the north and the south sides of the main western and southern railway lines, which led to a duplication of some workshop functions, but the really heavy work such as forging and casting of ferrous and non-ferrous metal, was to be carried out on the locomotive side. When the workshops were established most of the rolling stock had a wooden chassis, so the separation of services was not a major impediment to production. The site for the Eveleigh railway yards was chosen in 1875, resumed in 1878 and the compensation price settled in 1880. Approximately 100 000 pounds was paid for 64.5 acres of land. Clearance began two years later. Much work went into the design and construction of the buildings because of the sandy nature of the soil. In the meantime, Eveleigh Station had been opened in 1878. In 1906 it was renamed Redfern Station. The former Redfern Station was renamed Sydney Terminal (Central). The Engine Running Shed, now demolished, was the first building completed. Cowdery was criticised for the extravagance of this building. It comprised three segmental arched bays, each covering seven 'roads' without intervening columns. George Fishburn was awarded the contract for bays 1-4 of the Locomotive Workshops in 1884 and work was commenced soon after. They were officially opened in 1887. Workshops 5-15 were opened later in the year. This initial building phase also included the construction of bays 16-25 of the Carriage Sheds, the Paint Shop, a General Store and various smaller buildings and the associated turntables, traversers and rail lines. Development continued into the 1890s. The workshops were open every day of the week until 1892 when union negotiations led to the workshops being closed on Saturdays. The residential development of the area proceeded in the 1870s and 1880s around the railway workshop and was stimulated by the need for housing generated by the workshops. The names of many early settlers are continued in the street names in the area, including Eveleigh, and many of the property boundaries and former watercourses are reflected in street patterns. At the time of the development of the railway workshops, Darlington School was also built, as were other municipal buildings since demolished for the university. For some time Eveleigh had its own gas works which were located near MacDonaldtown Station. However, in 1901 with the establishment of Ultimo Power Station which belonged to the Rail and Tramway Department, electric power was made available to the workshops. Shortly after work commenced on the conversion of the rope-driven cranes to electric motor drives. Work also commenced on the replacement of the steam engines at the south end of the workshops by powerful electric motors. This, however, was not completed until 1914. In 1907 the Commissioners for Railways decided to begin the manufacture of new locomotives at Eveleigh and the New Locomotive Shop was designed and constructed for this purpose. A Public Works Annual Report in 1915 concluded that the Eveleigh Works were too congested and recommended the establishment of a new locomotive and repairing works. Adding to this situation, strained conditions led to eight strikes at Eveleigh between July 1915 and July 1917. In 1916 James Fraser, Acting Chief Commissioner, addressed workers at Eveleigh on the introduction of the Taylor card system. The introduction of this system on 2 August 1917 led to an 82 day general strike. It began when 1100 men struck at Randwick Tramway Depot and 3000 at Eveleigh. Volunteers kept trains running including boys from Newington and S.C.E.G.S. (Shaw) private schools at Eveleigh. This all took place during the First World War which brought worse conditions and declining wages. The rail yards continued to develop. Additional land was resumed to the south-west and 230 houses were demolished to allow for the construction of the Alexandria Goods Yard sometime around 1917. During 1925 the manufacture of new locomotives ceased. As a result of World War 2 (1939-45), bays 5-6 were cleared of machinery in 1940 and plans drawn up for the installation of equipment supplied by the Department of Defence for the manufacture of 251b field gun-shells. A mezzanine floor was added to Bay 5 in 1941 and the machinery for shell manufacture installed by February. Bay 8 was altered for an ammunitions annex. By 1943 Bay 8 had been abandoned by the Department of Defence as it had organised its own factories. Production of the shells ceased in 1945 and the construction of new locomotives was reintroduced. This post-war locomotive manufacturing lasted until 1952 when Eveleigh once again became a repair and maintenance facility. The decision to abandon steam locomotives in 1963 meant that Eveleigh, which was dedicated to steam locomotive maintenance and repair, entered its final phase. The yards continued to grow and expand, and functions were continually changing. In later years workshops at Chullora in 1937 and later Clyde took over aspects of work formerly performed at Eveleigh and functions were rearranged accordingly. Re-organisation and attempts at modernisation in the 1970s came too late. Too much of the machinery was suited only to the steam locomotive era. Buildings containing old equipment, machinery which had become progressively inappropriate to a modern transport era, and a changing work culture, has seen the yards decline gradually in the late 20th century until its closure in 1988. After closure, bays 5-15 were used by Paddy's Markets while other buildings on the site were demolished over an extended period. These included the Pattern Shed, Foundry, Smith's Shops and the Wheelpress Shop. In 1991 the NSW Government announced the creation of a technology park at Eveleigh in association with the University of NSW, the University of Sydney and the University of Technology. Decontamination works were carried out to cleared areas of the site progressively. In 1994 Paddy's Markets returned to Haymarket. City West Development Corporation took ownership of the Locomotive Workshops, bays 1-15, in addition to the New Locomotive Shed and the Manager's Office. Today the functions formerly carried out at Eveleigh are no longer carried out by government enterprises or no longer carried out in Australia. (State Projects 1995: 19-22, 27-33, 43-51) | ||||||||||||||||
| National Themes: |
3. Economy |
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| State Themes: |
Transport |
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| Study Themes: | |||||||||||||||||
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| Designer: | George Cowdery | ||||||||||||||||
| Maker/Builder: | George Fishburn | ||||||||||||||||
| Year Started: | 1882 | Year Completed: 1897 | Circa: No | ||||||||||||||
| Physical Description: | The Eveleigh Precinct is located approximately four kilometres south of the Sydney GPO and is bounded by the inner city suburbs of Darlington, Redfern, Alexandria Park, Erskinville and Newtown. The total area of the precinct, which runs from Redfern Station in the northeast to Erskinville and MacDonaldtown Stations in the southwest, is approximately 51hectares. It is located across the main railway corridor to Sydney Central Station. Most of the southern portion of the overall site has been declared surplus to railway needs and much of this area has been cleared and was used as a parking area for Paddy's Markets while they were occupying the Locomotive Workshop. Other portions of the southern precinct have been redeveloped for public housing. Several former railway buildings stand vacant. (Schwager Brooks 1994:1) The entire Eveleigh Railway Workshops historic area, as defined in the Register of the National Estate (by the Australian Heritage Commission), is generally south of Wilson Street (Redfern) and north of Locomotive Street (Redfern) and extends along the railway line between Redfern and Macdonaldtown Stations. The site is divided by the Perway (the main rail corridor) with the Carriage Workshops group of buildings to the north, and the Locomotive Workshops group to the south. The area managed by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority is part of the southern precinct and includes three main historic buildings. LOCOMOTIVE WORKSHOP AREA (south of Perway) - Locomotive Workshop (part of SHFA area, see separate listing) - Works Manager's Office (part of SHFA area, see separate listing) - Engine Shop (part of SHFA area, see separate listing) - Erecting Shop (not part of SHFA area) - Turntable and trackwork (west of Erecting Shop) CARRIAGE WORKSHOP AREA (north of Perway) - not part of SHFA area - Paint Shop - Carriage Workshops - Blacksmiths Shop - Stationary Store - Signal and Communication Workshop - Chief Mechanical Engineers Office There are Air Raid Shelters scattered along the existing rail corridor, generally located along embankments or cuttings. There are numerous collections of machinery within the buildings on the site, including equipment adjacent to the Locomotive Workshops and machinery inside the buildings. (Schwager Brooks 1994: 20-21) | ||||||||||||||||
| Physical Condition: | Archaeological Potential: Medium- High Physical Condition: Fair (at 19 August 1997) | ||||||||||||||||
| Modification Dates: | 1899 - Large Erecting Shop added to the site. 1901 - By this year the new foundry and laundry had been constructed. 1902 - Most overhead cranes in workshops converted to electric drives. - A new copper and tinsmiths shop erected. 1907 - The New Locomotive Shop designed and constructed. - A new compressor house constructed. 1914 - Electrification of machinery in the workshops. - New Locomotive Shop extended to the south. 1917 - Resumption of adjacent houses to the south for the Alexandria Goods Yard. - Several new buildings completed, leading to a rearrangement of the workshops. 1925 - Northmost bay of Running Shed demolished. 1965 - Southern and middle bay of Running Shed demolished. 1970s - Workshops rearranged internally to update the works and the Spring Shop was removed. (State Projects 1995:28 - 34) | ||||||||||||||||
| Recommended Management: | Conservation management should be pursued as an active, day-to-day responsibility. (State Projects 1995:133) | ||||||||||||||||
| Further Comments: | |||||||||||||||||
| Historical Significance: | The workshops were an important part of the NSW rail network which was instrumental in the development of the state during the 19th and 20th century. The construction of the workshops influenced the development of the local area (which was developed for worker's housing) both by providing employment and by its bulk and presence, starting bells and sirens. The yards were associated with developments in working conditions now crucial to the Australian cultural identity, eg) the weekend. The yards had an important association with the labour movement. The place was seen initially as a positive instrument of state socialism and in later periods as the site of important labour actions and of restrictive work practices. They were conceived by Whitton, the 'father' of the NSW railways, and were an integral part of his NSW rail system, and were executed in detail by Cowdery (State Projects 1995:109) | ||||||||||||||||
| Historical Association: | |||||||||||||||||
| Aesthetic/Technical Significance: | The entire complex has a strong industrial character generated by the rail network itself, by the large horizontal scale of the buildings, the consistent use of brick and corrugated iron, the repetitive shapes of roof elements and of details such as doors and windows and because of the uniform grey colours. The simple, strong functional forms of the buildings have landmark quality, not only as important townscape elements in the Redfern/Eveleigh area, but as part of the visual train journey of thousands of commuters, marking arrival in the city centre. The major buildings from the original 19th century development of the site are well designed, detailed and built exhibiting a high degree of unity of design, detailing and materials. (State Projects 1995:109) | ||||||||||||||||
| Social Significance: | The Workshops were one of the largest employers in Sydney at the turn of the century, declining only in the latter half of the 20th century. It was and is an important source of pride and in demonstrating the capacity of Australian industry and workers and a high level of craft skills. The place is significant to railway workers, former railway workers and railway unions and is associated with the stories of many, including workers and locals, which are important to cultural identity. Although no longer operating as a workshop, the place maintains symbolic value for the symbolic ties with existing trade unions. (State Projects 1995: 106-111) | ||||||||||||||||
| Research Significance: | The Eveleigh railway workshops have considerable research potential for understanding the operation of railway workshops. This potential is enhanced by the extent of archival material available and because the relatively recent closure means that there are many former workshop workers who are still alive and who know how the place operated. They have unique educational value enhanced by the highly valuable location and the relationship with the ATP and the three universities. They contain the potential to achieve an understanding of the work practices of today through an understanding of the cultural continuity between 19th century technology and 21 st century technology. There is potential for further research to yield information about the labour movement, labour relations and the nature of work practices in the 19th and 20th centuries. Archaeological remains have the potential to reveal further information about the operation of the Yards. (State projects 1995: 109) The Eveleigh Locomotive Workshops are the largest surviving, intact railway workshops dating from the steam era in Australia, and possibly the world. (State Projects 1995: 110) | ||||||||||||||||
| Representativeness: | |||||||||||||||||
| Rare Assessment: | The size and quality of the site is rare. (State Projects 1995: 107) | ||||||||||||||||
| Integrity/Intactness: | The Eveleigh Locomotive Workshops are the largest surviving, intact railway workshops dating from the steam era in Australia, and possibly the world. (State Projects 1995: 110) | ||||||||||||||||
| Consent as Owner: | Before doing any building work to an item on this Register or lodging a development application, the proponent should obtain the consent of the relevant owner of the site, usually the SHFA. Early consultation is recommended. | ||||||||||||||||
| Development Approval: | Development work to any item on this Register, including internal works, repainting and signage, requires development approval under the EP&A Act. Contact the relevant consent authority or if the work is in The Rocks, the SHFA's town planner. | ||||||||||||||||
| Archaelogy: | Aboriginal and European cultural archaeological sites are protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 and the Heritage Act 1977 respectively. Excavation permits may be required. Contact the National Parks and Wildlife Service, Heritage Office | ||||||||||||||||
| SHFA Policies: | The SHFA has developed a number of policies which guide work to heritage places. These include Signage, Outdoor Seating & Telecommunications. New policies are to be prepared including Lighting; Building Services & Disabled Access. Contact the SHFA. | ||||||||||||||||
| Conservation Plans: | Before considering major changes to, or adjacent to, a heritage item on this Register a Conservation Management Plan should be prepared. Many of the items already have Plans (see References). Copies can be obtained from the SHFA. | ||||||||||||||||
| The Rocks: | The Rocks Conservation Area is also on this Register. Work to any site (including non-heritage) within this area needs careful consideration of the heritage and archaeological impacts. | ||||||||||||||||
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| References: | Author: | Title: | Year: | ||||||||||||||
| Don Godden and Associates | Everleigh Railway Workshops Heritage Study | 1986 | |||||||||||||||
| Schwager Brooks and Partners | Everleigh Precinct Sydney Conservation Policy | 1994 | |||||||||||||||
| Heritage Group, State Projects | Everleigh Rail Yards Locomotive Workshops Conservation Management Plan | 1995 | |||||||||||||||
| Studies: | Author: | Title: | Number: | Year: | |||||||||||||
| State Rail Authority | State Rail Authority Section 170 Register | 1997 | |||||||||||||||
| State Rail Authority | State Rail Authority Section 170 Register | 1997 | |||||||||||||||
| Listings: | Name: | Title: | Number: | Date: | |||||||||||||
| Register of the National Estate | 26 April 1988 | ||||||||||||||||
| Regional Environmental Plan | 17 November 1995 | ||||||||||||||||
| Heritage Act - State Heritage Register | 01140 | 02 April 1999 | |||||||||||||||
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