Luna Park Precinct

Statement of Significance

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Description

Assessed significance: State

Item type: Complex / Group

Current use: Amusement Park

Former use: Transport Interchange

Group: Recreation and Entertainment

Category: Amusement Centre/ Arcade

Designer/Maker:

Builder/Maker:

Construction Years: 1935 - 0

Physical Description: Luna Park includes several structures and items of significance, most notable are: Entrance Face & Towers: The first entrance to Luna Park was constructed in 1935 to a design by Rupert Browne, based on his entrance to Melbourne's Luna Park at St Kilda. It consisted of two towers with an immense face between them, and people entered through the gaping mouth. The face has been remodelled several times and its character has evolved over the years. Exposed to salt air, the entrance face has required major maintenance work. Each time this has been carried out (in 1939, 1947, 1953, 1960, 1973 and 1982) the facial expression has altered. The whole entrance was demolished in 1988. The face (1982) was initially stored on site, but is now in the Powerhouse Museum. The present entrance face and towers were completed in January 1995. The 36m high towers are replicas of the original 1935 Art Deco design. The expression of the present face is based on the most famous and most cherished of all Luna Park faces; the 1953 face designed by Arthur Barton. The towers are constructed of steel frames, clad in fibre cement sheets, on brick bases and are replicas of the original Art Deco 1935 towers (based on the Chrysler Building in New York). The face is made of fibreglass and foam (AHC Database Number: 017945, File Number: 1/13/027/0050).The Midway: An important aspect of the park was the way it was laid out with a central spine that followed the shore line. "The Midway was where it all happened. It was the street, the forum, the piazza, the stage and the audience. The Park had been laid out so that no attraction protruded into the Midway except the Windmill which marked its only bend." The windmill was later replaced by the light house. Pedestrian traffic travelled up and down this spine. After the first season canvas awnings were added along the Midway. It was the place where street theatre and entertainment took place. (Sam Marshall, "Luna Park Just for Fun") Rotor: The Rotor was designed by German engineer Ernst Hoffmeister in the late 1940s.The Rotor is a large, upright barrel, rotated at 30 revolutions per minute. The rotation of the barrel creates a centrifugal force equivalent to between 1 and 1.5 g. Once the barrel has attained full speed, the floor is retracted, leaving the riders stuck to the wall of the drum. At the end of the ride cycle, the drum slows down and gravity takes over. The riders slide down the wall slowly. Although Hoffmeister was the designer, most Rotors were constructed under license. The first Luna Park Rotor was built by Ted Hopkins in 1951. Three Rotors were built in Australia based on Hoffmeister's design. All had been demolished or destroyed by the 1980s, although a slightly redesigned Rotor was rebuilt for Luna Park Sydney in 1995, which is still in operation. (Wikipedia) Coney Island (also Funnyland): One of the original 1935 buildings of Luna Park, Coney Island is believed to have been erected firstly at Luna Park, Glenelg in Adelaide. It is a large single-cell double-storey height utilitarian structure ingeniously decorated as Moorish Extravaganza. Entrance fa?ade dominated by elaborate twin pylons with ensemble of arches and signs. Dominated by large Russian 'Onion' Dome at southern end. Assertive Pseudo-Moorish Theme continues on West (harbour) fa?ade and part of south, with minarets, grilles etc. Multi-coloured and illuminated accents to exteriors. Wharf and waterside concourse below west end. The frame of Coney Island consists of double I-section steel columns supporting eleven steel trusses. The length of the building is aligned east/west, down the slope of the site and one of the railway tracks still passes along the east end of the sub-floor structure. The west end is supported on brick piers and walling. A timber sub-frame is attached to the main steel framework. The dome has additional support. Towers, pinnacles and the bulbous onion dome and spire have timber framing and their cladding is mostly of shaped galvanised sheet steel. The original wall cladding of asbestos cement was replaced by fibre cement in 1993. Elsewhere the sub-frame is clad with corrugated steel. The roof is corrugated steel externally and corrugated fibre cement sheet internally. The floor is hardwood boarding on brick piers. There are two main facades, that facing south to the Midway of Luna Park and that facing west to the harbour. All the west elevation and about half of the south are parapeted and embellished to give a highly eclectic Moorish/Art Deco effect. The western part of the south elevation, terminating the vista from the entrance to Luna Park, resembles the entrance towers and face. The eyebrow like scalloped Moorish arches, with entry portals bearing the words Funny Land, are flanked by prominent towers surmounted by stepped scalloped motifs, while between the eyebrows is a tapering sunburst motif. From a distance along the Midway the bulbous onion dome and spire appear centrally between the towers. East of the entrance ensemble, the decorated facade continues the Moorish/Art Deco theme. The remainder of the south elevation is undecorated. Like the entry front, the harbour facade is a fanciful composition. It is dominated by the bulbous dome and spire. The features of the facade are its Art Deco parapet pinnacles, the Moorish cusped arches echoing the entrance portals and across the facade in the spandrel is an assertive pattern of radiating and zigzag cover strips. The decorative treatment returns around the northern elevation for one bay, the rest of the elevation being undecorated. Lines of electric light bulbs outline the profiles of the building. Coney Island has been described as an amusement park within an amusement park, as its interior contained more or less self-contained amusement facilities, in a large utilitarian area. A curious aspect of the main entrance to the area is that it leads upwards to a perimeter walkway rather than directly to the main floor. The perimeter walkway in Coney Island is one of the original amusements of Luna Park. The first hazard is the motorised shuffle board, then air is blown upwards from a floor grate and lights shine to project shadows onto a canvas screen of people walking past for patrons in the Park to be attracted by the strange antics the air causes. Along the north wall are a rotating floor panel, various shuffle boards, ramps, a vibrating floor panel, other gusts of air, a labyrinth of vertical hoses and, finally, two giant rotating padded pumpkins, between which patrons have to squeeze while more air gusts shoot upwards. There are three giant slides on the south side of the main floor and a fourth, the most dramatic, was added on the north side after World War Two. The slides are of traditional timber construction of posts, beams, joists and polished hardboard boarding carefully butt-jointed. At the feet of the slide ensembles there are balustrades, padded inside and painted outside to simulate rubble masonry. The Joy Wheel is also one of the original Park amusements. It is a large horizontal disc, slightly conical, slightly above floor level and arranged by sub-floor machinery so as to spin. Patrons sitting on the floor were ejected by centrifugal force. The Turkey Trot, built for Luna Park in 1935, comprises three oscillating gangways, separated by passages of plain floor. The narrow gangways are motorised by reciprocal action to slightly rise and fall and the articulated handrails add to the sense of exciting instability. The Barrels of Fun is another original device. There are two horizontal hollow cylinders about equal in diameter to the height of a person and 2.5m long. They are motorised to rotate in opposite directions and patrons enter one end and try to come out the other. Other amusements include slot machines and a bank of distorting mirrors, made in England, each having a different set of curving contours giving humorous reflections. The murals in Coney Island have been conserved and rehung. Some have been recreated. As well as the topographical or humorous murals, there are specialist signs with painted logos, decorations and flourishes.Crystal Palace (also Dodgem Building): The Crystal Palace is located adjacent to the site of the approach tracks and locomotive depot of the original Milsons Point Railway Station (1893 to 1924). The essential form of the Crystal Palace is a large rectangular thirteen-bay steel-framed structure, two storeys in height with a hip roof behind extended walls. The Palace comprises I-section columns, knee braced to twelve full width and bolted steel trusses with timber purloins and corrugated steel roofing. The column base plates are supported on the seaward side on sole plates over wharf decking. On the eastern or landward side the steel columns are encased in rendered brickwork up to first floor level. Elsewhere they are exposed or clad with sheeting. The end bays are framed with heavy Oregon members and the roof ends above are gabled hips with louvered ventilators in the gables. The sub-framing between columns is also timber framed, the whole of the walling being clad in flat fibre cement sheeting in small sheets simulating stone masonry, with cover straps imitating joints. The main roof has a ventilating ridge and rotating roof vents. The ground floor is an elevated timber structure nominally 760mm above the original wharf on stub posts and joists and having large steel plates screwed to the flooring boards over most of the area. The upper floors are reinforced concrete on reinforced concrete columns and beams. The decorative steep roofs are separately framed in traditional light timber construction above and independent of the main roof. The central chateau roof unaccountably has a separate skillion roof of corrugated steel, complete with eaves gutter and downpipe. This unusual structure is visible only from the space under the main roof. Its original purpose is unknown. The exterior elevations were originally symmetrical, the two long elevations having emphatic central elements and end pavilions. Parapets conceal the main roof; these are crenulated except for the tower motifs, where chamfered blocks of timber, imitating machicolation, have been planted on. The cladding materials were predominantly asbestos cement. The centre of the east or midway entrance elevation has a steep hipped roof between tall pinnacles, while the four towers of the end pavilions have steep pyramid roofs. All of these roofs are added over the main roof and covered in thin pressed steel sheeting imitating shingle tiling, eight courses of tiles per sheet. The 1935 drawings indicate that the ridge of the centre metal roof had decorative ridging. The hips are of sheet metal, overlaid with timber strips supported batten lamp holders. The main entrance pinnacles are octagonal in plan and are sheeted in fibre cement. The small perimeter pinnacles are tourelles, which are circular in plan, are clad in sheet metal, probably galvanised steel, with seamed joints. The centre bay of the western or waterfront facade simulates a donjon flanked by squat towers with bellcast pyramid roofs of sheet metal. The fenestration is in the form of large pointed arches, separated by piers, tourelles and pinnacles, giving the exterior a fanciful exotic chateau character. Adding to the oddness, the timber windows grouped in threes under the archivolts of the arches have centre lights comprising double hung sashes with multiple panes, originally glazed in obscure glass, with mullions and enframing emphasised by pressed steel strips bearing fruit and flower decoration. This pressed metal was replaced with fibreglass of an identical pattern. The windows in the corner tower elements are also double hung and are framed by a rectangular arrangement of fibreglass (originally pressed metal) strips. A multi-coloured paint scheme has been reinstated to match the original scheme. The salient outlines and motifs of the building are marked with lines of incandescent electric lighting.The end bays are framed with heavy Oregon members and the roof ends above them are gabled hips with louvered ventilation in the gables. The exteriors were originally symmetrical, the two long elevations having emphatic central elements and end pavilions. Parapets conceal the main roof; these are crenulated except for the tower motifs, where chamfered blocks of timber, imitating machicolation, have been planted on. The cladding, once predominantly asbestos-cement, has been replaced in the early 1990s works with fibre-cement. The centre of the east or Midway entrance elevation has a steep hipped roof between tall pinnacles, while the four 'towers' of the end pavilions have steep pyramid roofs (Godden Mackay Logan 1999: 47-51).Wharf The part of the substructure comprising the 1924 Dorman Long Wharf is a substantial conventional timber structure of plumb and raking piles supporting timber lateral headstocks, longitudinal girders and laterally laid decking, some laid diagonally. The shore side of the substructure is a battered stone rubble bank, into which and beyond which, steel rod ties extend into the land.Wild Mouse: Located adjacent to Coney Island, the Wild Mouse is a small roller coaster. The track is comprised of laminated timber with a steel rail constructed on a concrete platform elevated above the ground. The Wild Mouse cars hold two people seated one behind the other. The ride moves back and forth and up and down along its rectangular plan It was designed to have steep gradients, sharp turns and give the rider the feeling that they might fly off into the harbour. It was constructed at Luna Park in 1962 to a design purchased by Ted Hopkins at the Seattle World Trade Fair and was dismantled annually to go to the Sydney and Brisbane shows. Between 1970 and 1979 it was replaced by the Wild Cat but was returned when the park reopened in 1995. (Luna Park Sydney 2009) Cliff face: The sandstone formation along the eastern side of Luna Park has been shaped since European settlement, as it has been cut back for various purposes in previous years including: 1890s excavation for the North Shore Railway and the erection of Dorman Long workshops in the 1920s. Oral history stated that the tunnel and chamber in the cliff face (at the base) were constructed by Luna Park staff during World War Two as an air raid shelter, and that staff and local residents sheltered there during the wartime Japanese midget submarine attack on shipping in Sydney Harbour. However the capacity of this space was very limited. After the War it was used as a storeroom and it is now unoccupied (Godden Mackay Logan 1999: 81).The tunnel is described as a flattened horse-shoe shape with two entrances. It is approximately 20m in length, 2m high and slightly less in width. At the 'top' of the horse-shoe is a round chamber of the same height and about 3m in diameter. Fig Trees: A number of conspicuous trees grow along the top of the cliffs which form the eastern boundary of Luna Park. Most are Port Jackson figs (Ficus rubigibosa), while others include coral trees, African olive and sweet pittosporum. Some trees are also growing on the cliff face itself, where they exhibit their characteristic rock gripping root development. The trees date from the end of the nineteenth century when the cliff top site was occupied by Northcliff House. Since their planting, they have displayed healthy growth. Tree heights and spreads are as follows: 1) fig tree 10m high 20m diameter; 2) fig tree 20m high 25m diameter; 3) fig tree 9m high 8m diameter; 4) fig tree 10m high 15m diameter; 5) coral tree 9m diameter; 6) coral tree 9m diameter (AHC Database Number: 017950, File Number: 1/13/027/0055 and Luna Park Sydney 2009).

Property Description

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Historic Notes and Themes

Historical notes: Prior to European settlement of Australia and well into the 19th century, the site of Luna Park was occupied by the Cammeraigal (also spelt as Cammeraygal) Clan, part of the larger Kuringgai Tribe (North Sydney Council Heritage Leaflet 1, 2001, DUAP/DLWC 1998,Appendix 1:1).In 1805 Robert Campbell purchased a parcel of land on the waterfront of the North Shore, between Lavender Bay and Careening Bay extending about 600 yards inland, which comprised Milsons Point and the future site of Luna Park. 'It was a block of 120 acres which had been originally granted to Robert Ryan a private solder who arrived in the First Fleet and had passed via Charles Grimes the surveyor-general to its new owner'. James Milson Settled on there in 1806 'where by the grace of Robert Campbell, he grazed his herd and built his house'. From 1822 onwards Milson signed a lease for this land paying 8 pounds per year but later disputed Campbell's claim to it. Although another 12-year lease was signed in 1830 Campbell eventually sued Milson for trespass. No part of this grant passed into the hands of Milson 'until well after the death of Campbell' (in 1846) (Newman 1961: 39, 154-155). In 1830 Jamaican ex-convict Billy Blue commenced the first ferry service across Sydney Harbour. Seven years later a regular wharf and waterman's service was operating from the site. In 1842, Milsons Point was declared a public landing place and by 1860 a regular vehicular ferry service was operating between Milsons Point and Fort Macquarie. In 1886 a tram service commenced between the newly constructed terminus at Milsons Point and North Sydney. In 1890 the North Shore Railway Line was opened between Hornsby and St.Leonards. Three years later the site was quarried to prepare for the construction of the North Shore Railway Line extension from St Leonards to Milsons Point which followed the shoreline of Lavender Bay. A train station was located at the tip of Milsons Point adjacent to the existing wharf and tram terminus which became the major transport hub of the north In 1915 in preparation for building a bridge across the harbour a new temporary station and ferry wharf was completed further back on the line in Lavender Bay. (DUAP/DLWC 1998, Appendix 1:3-4). From the mid 1800's the area on top of the cliff above the site was developed for housing. Directly above the site was Northcliff House which was demolished in the 1920's however the fig trees in the park on the cliff top are believed to be remnants of this period. (Otto Cserhalmi & Partners 2006)In 1916 a plan for the bridge across Sydney Harbour was accepted by the Parliamentary Works Committee. The tender for the Construction of the new bridge was awarded to English engineering firm Dorman Long and Company in 1924. Work began on the Bridge the following year. Dorman Long built a number of workshops on the Luna Park site for the fabrication and assembly of steel components used in construction of the bridge, as per the conditions of their contract. Milsons Point Railway Station was relocated in 1924 to the site of the station constructed in 1915. The Sydney Harbour Bridge was officially opened in 1932 which meant that Lavender Bay/Milson Point station and the use of vehicular ferries were made redundant. The first 'Luna Park' was opened at Coney Island in New York in 1903.The first Luna Park in Australia opened in St Kilda Melbourne in 1912, followed by another at Glenelg (South Australia) in 1930 to a design by Rupert Browne. Luna Park, Glenelg was owned by the Phillips brothers: Herman, Leon and Harold and managed by David Atkins. When the South Australian venture faced difficulties in 1934 the Philip's looked for a suitable place in Sydney. At the same time tenders were sought to use the former Dorman Long site for public amusements. Herman Phillips, who formed Luna Park (NSW) Ltd (with his brothers and A. A. Abrahams), won the tender. The lease was for 20 years and started on 11 September 1935 for a 20 year period at an annual rent of 1,500 pounds. Luna Park was constructed over a three-month period in 1935 by Stuart Brothers under the direction of David Atkins and Ted Hopkins using a workforce of over 1,000 labourers. Luna Park was officially opened to the public on 4 October 1935. The North Sydney Olympic Pool was opened the following year on an adjacent site. The heyday for Luna Park was between 1935 and 1970. During this period the Park underwent a series of alterations including the introduction of new rides and amusements. The original entrance and famous face were remodelled in 1938-9, 1946-7, 1960, 1973, 1982 and 1995. In 1950 the Phillips brothers, now in their 60s, were bought out by David Atkins, Ted Hopkins and the others. Hopkins (known as 'Hoppy') became the manager of Luna Park in 1957 after the death of Atkins.When Hopkins retired in 1969 the leasehold was taken over by World Trade Centre Pty Ltd. Under the new management, winter closures were abandoned. As Luna Park was opened all year around there was no opportunity to carry out regular maintenance works on the rides. In 1973 Martin Sharp and Peter Kingston undertook repainting works on the Park in the Pop Art Style which included a new expression on the entrance face (Marshall 1995: 106). By 1975, Luna Park was operating on a week-to-week lease with plans to develop the Lavender Bay foreshores as a 'Tivoli Gardens'. In 1977 an exhibition was held at the Art gallery of NSW called "Fairground Arts and Novelties" highlighting the important aspects of Luna Park. Artists Martin Sharp, Peter Kingston, Richard Liney and Gary Shead did major colour schemes and art works through out the park. "It took us a while to realise that Luna Park was an artwork in itself, a city state of illusion, a brilliant feat of engineering with imagination, created and maintained by men. Sydney must acknowledge the importance of Luna Park. To lose it now would be a tragedy." (Martin Sharp quoted in " Luna Park Just For fun" by Sam Marshall.) In 1979 an accident on the Big Dipper injured 13 people. Later that year, a fire in the Ghost Train ride killed six children and one adult. Luna Park was closed from that night. Throughout 1980 Luna Park remained closed and the Friends of Luna Park was formed to save Luna Park from any potential development. In 1981 the Luna Park Site Bill was passed which meant Luna Park Holdings had to vacate the site. Luna Park memorabilia and rides, dating from 1935 to 1981, were auctioned off (Marshall 1995: 112-120). The friends of Luna Park prepared a Conservation Plan for the site in 1981. Luna Park was re-opened in 1982 under the management of Harbourside Amusement Pty Ltd (Daily Telegraph Mirror 25 April 1982). In 1988 Luna Park was closed again and the front entrance towers were demolished, while the entrance face which was a fibreglass caste of the 1973 Martin Sharp face was re-located to storage owned by the Powerhouse Museum. In 1990 the New South Wales government passed the Luna Park Site Act and appointed the Luna Park Reserve Trust who prepared a Plan of Management in 1991. In 1992 the Trust commissioned Godden Mackay heritage consultants to prepare a Conservation Plan for the site. The Luna Park Reserve Trust between 1993 and 1995 in accordance with this Conservation Plan undertook conservation and construction works. The site was re-opened in January 1995. However following a successful Supreme Court Appeal which effectively prevented the ongoing operation of the Big Dipper the park was closed again in 1996. In 1997 the Department of Land & Water Conservation (DLWC) engaged the Urban Design Advisory Service (UDAS) to investigate urban design and land use options for the future use of Luna Park (DPWS/DLWC 1998: 1). The Luna Park Plan of Management was prepared by the New South Wales government in 1998 to guide the future management of the Luna Park Reserve. The Luna Park Plan of Management identified a preferred option for Luna Park's future use, determined in consultation with residents, the general public and other stakeholders. The preferred option identified by the Luna Park Plan of Management sought to preserve Luna Park's amusement park character while introducing new uses to improve its viability and accordance with the parameters in the Luna Park Site Amendment Act 1997 (HASSELL 1999: 1-2). Subsequent to adoption of the Luna Park Plan of Management in 1998 the New South Wales Department of Public Works and Services called for proposals to redevelop Luna Park. The proposal prepared by Metro Edgley was ultimately successful. A Master Plan for the site was prepared in 1999 which included a Heritage Report prepared by Godden Mackay Logan. In January 2002 the Minister for Planning approved a development application for the site. (Historical information sourced from SHFA Database; Luna Park Conservation Plan Godden Mackay 1992 and Letter from Luna Park Sydney 2009)A Master Plan for the site was prepared in 1999. In July 2001 the Big Dipper rollercoaster (installed in 1995) was sold to Dreamworld in Quensland. Recent work has included a new 2,000 seat big top, onsite car park, restaurant, refurbished Crystal Palace function centre and refurbishment of the rides. (Letter from Luna Park Sydney Oct 2009)

Historical significance: The site now known as Luna Park Precinct is historically significant as the site of the first regular ferry transport between Sydney and the North Shore, and later the busiest ferry wharf on the Harbour, with the exception of Circular Quay. The Milsons Point site was a major transport interchange during the later part of the 19th Century connecting ferry, train and trams. The site later became crucial to the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Fabrication and assembly of steel components for the bridge was done on site at the 1925 Dorman Long and Company workshops. The Luna Park amusement park constructed on the site in 1935 after the removal of the workshops has been a centre for recreation for generations of Sydney residents and visitors. It became the focus of considerable public action when it was threatened with closure and redevelopment.

Historical association: Luna Park has strong association with former park artists, Rupert Browne, Peter Kingston, Gary Shead, Sam Lipson, Arthur Barton, Richard Liney and Martin Sharp. Martin Sharp is an important Sydney artist with an international reputation who was influential in the Australian Pop Art movement in the 1960's and 70's. Examples of the work of these artists survive as moveable items associated with the park and are stored at other locations such as the Powerhouse Museum. (Source: Godden Mackay Luna Park Conservation Plan 1992).

Aesthetic significance: The Luna Park Precinct has important aesthetic values in its own right, a celebration of colour and fantasy originally in the art deco style, and as a landmark on Sydney Harbour. Luna Park occupies an important and prominent location on the northern foreshore of Sydney Harbour and is highly visible from Circular Quay and the Opera House and other key harbour vantage points. Luna Park is one of Sydney's most recognisable and popular icons, the Luna Park face in particular is an instantly recognisable symbol of Sydney. The prominence of Luna Park is enhanced by the high quarried cliff face and the fig trees which provide a landscaped backdrop together with the way it is framed by the Harbour Bridge when viewed from the east. (Godden Mackay Logan CMP 1992) Luna Park includes a rare collection of murals and amusements that demonstrate mid 20th century popular art and traditional technologies. These have been complemented by the art works of Martin Sharp, Richard Liney, Gary Shead and Peter Kingston.

Social significance: Luna Park is important as a place of significance to generations of the Australian Public, in particular Sydney siders who have strong memories and associations with the place. Its landmark location at the centre of Sydney Harbour together with its recognisable character has endowed it with a far wider sense of ownership, granting it an iconic status. Luna Park received considerable attention following the tragic Ghost Train fire of 1979 and the ensuing short term closure of the park. It became the focus of considerable public action when it was threatened with redevelopment and remains a subject of high public interest. "It has become symbolic of political and community concern for issues such as the treatment of harbour foreshore, opposition to high-rise development and retention in public ownership of the public estate." (Godden Mackay 1992)

Research significance: Luna Park Precinct is a resource that is likely to yield information through archaeological investigation. Physical and visual evidence survives from most of the major phases of use and activities undertaken within the area. Luna Park has potential to contain archaeological resources associated with all historicalphases of the site's development, including pre-European occupation, development of transport systems in this area, the Dorman Long and Co phase of activity and development and the establishment and development of Luna Park itself. In the unlikely event that intact deposits of Aboriginal relics are present, these would have considerable research potential.

Rare assessment: Luna Park is unique as a rare surviving example of an amusement park and fantasy architecture in the art deco idiom of the 1930s. The original murals and design of Luna Park demonstrate an amusement park aesthetic that was inherited from America and reinterpreted in an Australian context.

Representative assessment:

Intact assessment: The Luna Park amusement centre has evolved and been altered over time and much of the original fabric of the structures and rides have been replaced with similar or identical components. Despite the replacement of fabric the significance of the place has been maintained through careful reconstruction and commitment to the original design aesthetic. "The primary significance of the place therefore vests in the concept, design and associative values of place, rather than in any particular fabric. Retaining the integrity of the place therefore requires attention to matters such as design, concept and memories rather than keeping existing fabric and physical evidence." Richard Mackay quoted in Letter from LunaPark Sydney Pty Ltd 2009

Physical condition: Entrance Face and Towers have been rebuilt as a replica. Coney Island and contents have been restored. The Crystal Palace has been restored with alterations. (AHC Database Number: 017944, File Number 1/13/027/0049) Archaeological monitoring of Luna Park site was undertaken in c.1993 during redevelopment (Edward Higginbotham 1993). Conservation works undertaken in 1997 to remove in 1993-1994 (Godden Mackay 1992,1999) (SHFA Database Number: 4500504)

Listings

References

Type	Author	Year	Title
Management Plan (HC Endorsed)	GML Heritage	2019	Luna Park Sydney, Conservation Management Plan

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