New York Hotel (former) - DFS (Duty Free Store)

Statement of Significance

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Description

Assessed significance: State

Item type: Built

Current use: Duty Free Store

Former use: Pub / Hotel

Group: Urban Area

Category: Streetscape

Designer/Maker:

Builder/Maker:

Construction Years: 1908 - 1908

Physical Description: The brick and stucco building was constructed in 1908 and is a good example of what has been described as Federation Free Style architecture. It has two major elements, a five storey tower section and a lower three storey section splayed at a slight angle to follow the change in the alignment of George Street. The building features elements typical of the style in its tower design and the art nouveau and classical motifs in the arched entablature over the balconies of both sections. (Godden Mackay 1996: 10)Style: Federation Free Style; Storeys: 5 and 3; Facade: Brick and stucco.

Property Description

Address

Historic Notes and Themes

Historical notes: NB. Since the Conservation Management Plan was adopted more historical information has come to light, therefore there is differences between this history and that contained in the document. The land the New York Hotel would be built upon was located between the first hospital and gaol. The plan made of Sydney by Governor Arthur Phillip in 1792 shows two small buildings in the vicinity, but does not indicate what they are. The buildings may have been associated with the hospital. Meehan's plan of 1807 notes two lots which cover the now, DFS (145-155 George St) site, the lot (4) next to the future Globe Street is noted as belonging to 'Mr White'. This is very unlikely to have been the Surgeon John White, as he had left the colony 13 years prior in 1794. There are several people with the surname 'White' in the colony, and several listings in the Colonial Secretaries Index for "Mr White". As there is also a comprehensive listing for Surgeon John White it is unlikely to be him being referred to. One possibility is this Mr White may be Andrew Douglass White, the illegitimate son of Surgeon White and his convict housekeeper Rachel Turner born in 1793. He was noted as being on the list of town leases in 1806 in the Colonial Secretary's Index. Andrew Douglass White was the first Australian born decorated soldier, he fought in the Battle of Waterloo. His mother Rachel married Thomas Moore, the shipwright in 1795 and he had a house on this allotment which was put up for rent in March 1804. Further research is required to ascertain if there is a link between "Mr White" and the Moores. The house was right on the corner of what would become George and Globe Streets and it is noted as "Mr Moore Master (Illegible)" on John Eyre's 1809 annotated pencil drawing of Sydney Cove. The lease offered in 1804 was taken up by Rosetta Stabler, who wished to inform the public that she had moved into the house where she intended to 'continue to dress victuals as usual'. Prior to Rosetta moving into the house it had been rented to William Tough until 1803 and then from October 1803 by Messers Turnball and (Captain) Buyers who sold pork for Hawaii from the house. Further research is required for the chain of ownership and occupancy in these early decades. An entry in the Old Registers for a house on the west side of George St near the Hospital wharf may indicate that it was transferred from Thomas Moore to Cornelius Ryan in 1819. In Joseph Fowles' "Sydney in 1848" a two storey shop and residence is illustrated on the site. The fa?ade has "W.Curren, Family Grocer" painted on it. The other allotment (5) noted on Meehan's 1807 plan, which covers the subject site, was held by Capt William Raven. William Raven (1756-1814), master mariner and merchant, was born in October 1756, and entered the navy as master of the sloop Tobago on 24 March 1779. In 1792 he sailed to New South Wales as captain and part owner of the Britannia, with stores and a three-year fishing licence from the East India Co. He remained based in Sydney until 1799, much of this time was spent being chartered by the Government and the officers of the NSW Corps to bring stores to the colony. In 1795 he had been given a grant of 100 acres (40 ha) at Eastern Farms, and in 1799 received another 285 acres (115 ha) there and a lease in Sydney. Raven's house was put up for sale in August 1807, it was described as: "That excellently situated Dwelling house in the High Street, Sydney, belonging to and formerly occupied by Captain Raven, the whole painted red and in good repair; and occupying a lease whereof nine years are unexpired."Further research is required to ascertain who purchased the property, however it may have been William Chapman who was granted a licence to the "Kings Head Tavern" in 1807 on or close to the site of the future New York Hotel. After his death in 1810, his wife Ann, took over the licence and ran the tavern until at least 1813. She may have sold the licence to the tavern as it is listed in 1817 as belonging to Samuel Fowler, however the location of the Kings Head is noted as Hunter St . Ann Chapman ran a boat service between Sydney and Parramatta until 1819, the location of the former tavern just opposite the Hospital Wharf would have been the logical location to run it from, so she may have remained on the site until her death in 1823. Her son later opened the Marine Hotel which would later become the Orient Hotel, just a block down the road.The other alternative is that Thomas Moore purchased the property and leased the house to the Chapmans. In 1810 when the alignment of the streets was published in the Sydney Gazette two lanes are mentioned, Essex Lane "Extending from George St, on the north side of Mr Moore's lease, in a westerly direction into Harrington St " and Suffolk Lane "Leading from George St, on the north side of Mr Moore's Wall, in a westerly direction, indirectly into Harrington St ". Essex Lane would later be known as Brown Bear Lane and Suffolk would become Globe St. This could indicate that Moore eventually had the entire block between the lanes and beyond to the south. Further research is needed.A plan of Lower George Street dated between 1810-1853 notes that Thomas Moore left his property on the south side (No8) of Globe St to the church. The allotment in the centre of the block (No 7) is noted as belonging to Joseph Underwood, and the final allotment (No 6) is Rosetta Terry's, but with Daniel Cubitt as the grantee. Cubitt was a convict who sailed on the ill-fated Guardian, he received a conditional pardon soon after arriving in Sydney for his heroic actions when the ship was sinking. In 1809 he received a town grant, and the next year became the gaoler. As the goal was almost next door, it is likely that he was granted this allotment. He opened a Hotel on the site, the "Cat & Fiddle" in 1817, which he ran until 1818. In 1820 he was appointed co-master of the Row Boat Guard. This allotment is just to the south of the subject site, now under the Railway Bridge.Allotment No 7, owned by Joseph Underwood is shown on the plan as having three structures of brick and/or stone built upon it on the George St frontage. Underwood died in 1833 and the Conservation Management Plans prepared for the New York Hotel notes that "around 1835, Mrs Underwood was the owner of a row of three-storey stone shops and houses each with seven rooms on the subject site" however there is no reference for this included. The 1845 Rates Assessments list five buildings between 639 & 649 George St owned by Mrs Underwood. Four of them are "in bad repair' and the final one, which is most likely on the site of the future New York Hotel is a 3 storey, 8 roomed house & shop of stone with a shingled roof and 'with every convenience'. In 1848 the Rates Assessment notes that these buildings had been replaced by a three storey terrace of 8 brick and shingled shops still owned by Elizabeth Underwood. This very elegant looking terrace is drawn on the streetscape of George St in Joseph Fowles 'Sydney in 1848'. The Brown Bear Hotel next door is also drawn on the streetscape.Elizabeth Underwood is still noted as the owner of the terrace in the Rates Assessments until 1856. In 1858 Elizabeth Underwood died and the 1858 Sands Directory only lists three occupied buildings in the block between Globe St and Essex Lane, they are: Daniel Reily with a boarding house, then on the subject site is Wm S Ogilvie, clothier and draper, and just before Brown Bear Lane is the American Hotel run by William Newlands.Ogilvie may well have moved into Mrs Underwood's terrace by 1856. In January 1857, his assistant was charged with assault on a sailor with whom he had a disagreement with about purchasing slops from "Mr Ogilvie's Outfitters on George St'. The chain of ownership and occupiers becomes confusing around this time and requires further research. It may be that Ogilive leased the entire terrace and then rented the individual shops. There was a notorious Chinese lodging house in the loft which Henry Le Appa sublet form Ogilvie in at least 1860. The death of a recently arrived Chinese man in the loft called attention to it and it was widely and rather hysterically reported that there was anything from 400 to 800 Chinese in 6 rooms with 6 inches of filth on the floor. This case was raised in the NSW Parliament in March 1861 during a discussion about the numbers of Chinese arriving in NSW. This could have been in response to the Lambing Flat anti-Chinese riots going on at Young at this time.Further research is also required for the properties during the 1860s, Sands and the Rate records don't agree in some aspects. However the general picture is that the building was used for small retailers downstairs, who may have lived above their shops, and lodging houses run by several people upstairs, including Chinese men for their countrymen. On 24th August 1870 John Connor transferred the licence from the 'Connor Family Hotel' on the corner of Argyle St to 147 George St. About a fortnight later on the 7th Sept 1870 he transferred his licence to William Andrews and the sign changed to the "Nil Desperandum Hotel". Andrews ran this hotel for a number of years, his son's funeral left from the hotel in Dec 1874. He is still listed in occupation in the 1877 Sands Directory, which means he was there in 1876. The hotel and terrace was put up for sale in May 1875 and at that time they were owned by William Daley. William Daley was a locally educated at the Fort Street School, he became a politician. He was a Member of the NSW Legislative Assembly as member for Sydney/Gipps Ward from I June 1901 until 16 Jul 1904 and then member for Darling Harbour from 6 Aug 1904 until 19 Aug 1907. The advertisement describes the Hotel as "containing bar, bar-parlour, 8 apartments, and kitchen with large cellars in the basement. Attached to the hotel in the terrace and also for sale was 149 and 151 George St, they were described as 'two shops and dwellings containing respectively shop, 4 rooms kitchen and cellar and shop, 6 rooms, kitchen and cellar. A small shop adjoining 151 George St was also advertised in this sale. The land covered by the sale was described as "The whole have a frontage of 85 feet to George St with a depth of about 73 feet, extending to a lane at the rear.' The Rates Directory of 1880 notes that James Pattern is now the owner of the shops and Hotel.Although the premises were sold, William Andrews remained in the Nil Desperandum until sometime in 1876. During his time many meetings, including political ones were held in the hotel, and several challenges of physical prowess including rowing outriggers and pushing barrows along planks, were organised and bet upon at the hotel, there were serious enough challenges that they were advertised in the newspapers. In 1879 the Hotel employed a Chinese cook by the name of John Tow, this reflects the large Chinese population around this area at the time.Who was running the Hotel becomes a little confusing between 1876 and 1878, the Sands lists T Barnwell in the hotel in 1877 (which means 1876) and the next directory of 1879 has William Andrews back in the Hotel. An advertisement in the SMH on 24th Feb 1877 has the licence for the Nil Desperandum being transferred from Thomas Barnwell to William Andrews, when and why the licence was transferred from and then back to Andrews is unknown. Further research is required. The Percy Dove Plans of 1880 show the site as the 'Nil Desperandum' but not who was running it, the information for the Dove Plans was collected a year prior to their publishing. The SMH began running an advertisement for the sale of the Nil Desperandum and the business premises attached, No 149 and 151 George St in September 1879. As the sale drew closer the advisements in October 1879 described the properties as: "George Street North, All that valuable block of city land , having 85 feet frontage to George Street North, with a depth on the south side of 73 ½ feet, upon which are erected those range of brick built business premises on stone foundations, Nos 147, 149 and 151 comprising: The Nil Desperandum Hotel, containing bar, 9 rooms and kitchen. Two Shops and Dwellings, containing respectively 6 rooms and Kitchen and 4 rooms and kitchen." The sale date was 17th October 1879, however, it is unknown at the time of writing if the Hotel sold, it was still the Nil Desperandum in April 1880 when there was a rather small advertisement for its sale. Interested parties were to apply to William Andrews at the Hotel, indicating he was still running the hotel. It is not known at the time of writing when the hotel was sold and renamed. The 1880 Rates Records listed the hotel at 155 George St, occupied by Wm Andrews and owned by James Pattern, it is still the Nil Desperandum. The shops were also owned by James Pattern. The street numbers changed at this time, 147-151 George St became 155-161 George St.The first reference found to the New York Hotel is an advertisement that appeared in the SMH on 23 Nov 1881, for a 'smart young person as a housemaid, assist in bar. Dunn's New York Hotel , Lower George St'. The 1882 Sands Directory notes that the Hotel is now known as the "New York Hotel" run by John Dunn at 155/157 George St, the shops, now numbered 159-161 George and hotel are all owned by Robert Miller. The details of the change of ownership between 1880 when James Pattern had the block to Robert Miller in 1882 are unknown at the time of writing.John Dunn immediately began advertising for staff, and he was either difficult to work for, or the applicants did not meet his standards, as he placed 34 advertisements for staff in 12 months from Nov 1881. He was obviously trying to position the hotel as a cut above those around him and in the Evening News 8th Nov 1882 he place a large advertisement depicting the hotel as a desirable place to stay when in town. His description of the premises included; "He is now prepared to receive visitors at his house, which establishment he has taken great pains and considerable outlay, to supply with all the modern conveniences necessary to a hotel the New York Hotel contains 55 bedrooms, also bathrooms for the use of lodgers the table has always been considered excellent, the variety of viands selected with care and served up sith style Not only has the upper portion of the house been tastefully arranged, but the parlours and sitting-rooms contain many novelties pleasing to the eyes and from which much valuable information may be derived, such as the large and magnificent maps beautifully coloured chromos, and other embellishments too numerous to here recapitulate The parlours contain pianos of first class make and superior sound; and attached at the rear of the hotel are well arranged stabling Mr John Dunn has conducted the New York Hotel for the past four years and has never yet heard complaint from his patrons. In short, he has spared no trouble or expense to make the New York perfection itself "Perhaps he should have saved his money; in 1883 John Dunn was convicted twice of 'crimping'. This involves selling deserting sailors to Captains of other ships. Dunn's racquet was to hide the sailor for about a fortnight then take them to Newcastle and claim their advance to cover the food and rent from their stay. The sailors were not in any position to object, and it is unknown how many times Dunn got away with this. On one of the occasions he was charged with evidence tendered in court mentioned eight other sailors present who Dunn had obtained berths for. These convictions and other trouble resulted in his losing his licence on the 6th June 1884. Several local police objected to his licence renewal, including Sub-Inspector Atwill. It seems that this was not a surprise to Dunn as the very next day an advertisement appeared in the SMH for the sale of the licence, lease and all furniture and fittings of the New York Hotel. It does not appear to have been sold at that time, and it was readvertised in February 1885 for £1200, and then again in March 1885, where the advertisement said that it was 'very cheap, must be sold'. How Dunn continued to manage the Hotel until the sale is somewhat of a mystery, however other advertisements appeared during this time that mention the 'Dunn's New York Restaurant', any for the Hotel did not mention his name. The 1885 Sands Directory has George Kersey running the hotel, which means he took over in 1884. Perhaps Dunn stayed on managing the restaurant while he found another job. the next licensee was Robert Montgomery, who took over sometime in 1885. It may have been Montgomery who advertised in July 1885 wrestling matches, (in the Cumberland and Westmoreland styles), boxing, dancing and single stick (a form of martial art using a stick developed to train soldiers in fencing) from the New York Hotel. He had certainly taken over by August 1885 as he was noted to have donated to the "Eight Hours Demonstration Committee". Montgomery seems to have run the Hotel rather well and remained there for around 12 years, until 1897.Edward D'Arcy took on the licence of the New York Hotel in 1897 and was almost immediately in trouble for selling liquor on a Sunday and prosecuted in Feb 1998. He only ran the Hotel for two years and then Michael O'Hea took over in 1899. As a response to the Plague outbreak of 1900 the entire Rock, Millers Point and Darling Harbour areas were resumed under the Observatory Hill Resumption Act. this did not affect the operation of the Hotel at first. Michael O'Hea remained the licensee during this period until c1905. It is unknown for sure if the next licensee, Thomas Cogan even remained for a year, as in 1906 or 1907 the almost 60 year old building was demolished.By 1908, Tooth & Co Ltd had erected the current brick and iron roofed building. The former New York Hotel operated as a licensed hotel from 1908, the date of its construction, until 1960, when the premises was de-licensed. However the Licence for the hotel extended back to 1870, 90 years previously. In 1914, the New York Theatre was erected at 157-159 George Street by Nathan Jacobs, south of the New York Hotel. The Sands Directory lists New York Theatre (later known as the United States Amusements Co Ltd, and the New York Picture Theatre Ltd) as having operated at the subject address from 1912 until 1937 when the building was demolished.Photographic evidence indicates that the New York Theatre was a separate building to the Hotel. The United States Amusement Ltd purchased the site from Marcus Clarke & Company Ltd in January 1912. In 1946, the property was acquired by the Minister of Public Works for the purposes of the Construction Authority, Sydney Harbour Bridge Act 1932. In 1949 the Hotel appears in a photograph also showing the vacant site to the south with construction work taking place for the City Rail link to Circular Quay. The vacant land next door was used by the Railways Commission of NSW. The City Circle Railway was opened in 1956.The tenancy card indicates that the subject site operated as a hotel until 1958. The property was leased as an office in 1959 and the premises were de-licensed in1960. It is unclear who the occupants of 153-155 George Street were after 1960 when it ceased to be a hotel.In the 1980s, part of the building operated as a restaurant and cocktail bar, known as Ox on The Rocks Tavern, Restaurant and Cocktail Bar, occupied the ground floor of 153-155 George Street. The Sydney Spanish Guitar Centre occupied the second floor. The rear of the building was demolished for construction of the DFS Galleria in the mid-late 1980s.In 1986 plans for the development of the site, comprising 145 to 155 George Street and 60 Harrington Street, were prepared by Dino Burattini, architect for Londish Properties Pty Ltd. The proposal was for the development of the Harrington Street portion of the subject site. The development included the construction of ten storeys of office and retail with underground commercial carparking requiring deep excavation works and incorporating the former laneway as part of the property. The Globe Street site comprised land partly owned by the Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority (SCRA) and partly owned by State Rail Authority (SRA). Prior to the development of the existing buildings, the rear area was used and occupied by the State Rail Authority (SRA) as a maintenance depot and staff quarters for the maintenance of the City Circle. As part of the agreement of the transfer of development rights for the SRA land, SCRA accepted responsibility for the construction costs of a new depot set aside within a 'cave', on the southern side of the building .In the late 1980s, the subject site was amalgamated with other buildings within the site boundary of George and Harrington Streets, Globe Street and the Cahill Expressway under the one title to become part of the DFS Galleria, a duty free retail complex and offices. The development included changes to the commercial buildings facing George Street, new shopfronts, reconfiguring No 147 George Street as an arcade entry, replacement and repair of awnings, and the replacement of existing windows and roofing.Shopfront facades were researched to identify original configuration of the shopfronts before the 1980s redevelopment. Reinstatement has been based on early photographs of 153-155 George Street and the design has been extended to the other shopfronts of 145-151 George Street. The reinstatement of the awning has also been based on photographic evidence. In 1998, further development work undertaken on the DFS Galleria site was prepared by architects, Peddle Thorpe & Walker. This work included changes to the Harrington Street elevation, alterations to the interior of Louis Vuitton Store (149-151 George Street) including stairs, a vaulted galleria, and retail fitouts.

Historical significance: The site at 145-155 George Street is important in the history of NSW as having associationswith the early development of Sydney since 1788, and earlier with the Cadigal people ofSydney Harbour. To the Cadigal the site formed part of a strip of land along the western shore of Warrane (Sydney Cove) which they called "Tallawolladah". The fact that this area was named denotes it as a special or particular place for the indigenous peoples of Sydney Harbour before the coming of the Europeans.The site is associated with George Street, which is the first road created in the settlement and thus the oldest road in NSW. Globe Street is one of the earliest cross streets to GeorgeStreet. The history of George Street with its uses and changes since 1788, illustrate and inform the aspirations and way of life of Europeans in Australia.The Rocks precinct, which includes the subject site, was the earliest commercial centre of the colony, and the continuous retail uses of 145-151 George Street and its predecessors since the first decades of the foundation of the colony reflect the domestic trade and provision of goods in the colony. Residential use, often above the shops, also reflected the mixed use nature of the time.In 1843 the first parliamentary elections in Australia - for New South Wales Legislative Council were held. Only men with a freehold valued at 200 pounds or a householder paying rent of 20 pounds per year could vote. One of the polling booths was set up at 145 George St.The Rocks was impacted by the plague of 1900. The Observatory Hill Resumption Act resulted in the resumption of large tracts of land. Post-plague re-development of The Rocks saw the demolition of a large number of buildings and the construction of new buildings that met health standards and requirements. 145 (constructed c.1889) was not impacted by this urban development unlike the other buildings in the group to the south, which were rebuilt. The site has associations with urban changes in Sydney generally, and The Rocks specifically following the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the CahillExpressway and the City Rail link to Circular Quay in the mid-1950s. 145-155 GeorgeStreet has associations with the phase of redevelopment of The Rocks in the 1980s when the precinct was transformed from local retail outlets into a major tourist attraction.145 George Street on the corner with Globe Street, is a three storey face brick building erected before 1889 as a shop and residence, and has local significance as an example of a corner shop that operated as a grocer for over 100 years with Downton & Dyer Ltd operating there for a period of more than 80 years.147 George Street is a three-storey face brick building erected 1914 as shops and offices.Stylistically, the building is an example of a Federation Free Style building, typically using a sandstone decorated gable, keystones and face brickwork. The item has significance at a local level for its association with the provision and retail of fish to the local area, continuously operating on the site for almost 70 years.The items meet this Criterion at a STATE level of significance.The historical significance of 145-155 George Street is demonstrated by its association with:?The George Street alignment and Globe Street intersection as the earliest roads in the colony.?A number of design styles from the late 19th century to the early 20th century.?The continuity of commercial, retail and residential development in Sydney from the earliest settlement of the colony.?Urban renewal and infrastructure development following The Rocks Resumption after 1900.

Historical association: The site has associational significance with First Fleet Surgeon John White's family, Thomas Moore, the Anglican Church and Alderman Francis Mitchell. 145-151 George Street has associations with a number of retailers that occupied the sites over a considerable amount of time:?WA Grubb & Co, butchers at No.147 (1907-1910) and No.149-151 (1912-mid 1980s);?Nicholas, A & Co, fishmonger at No.151 (1898-1911) and No.147 (1911-at least to 1933);?Downton & Dyer Ltd, grocers at No.145 (Dyer, J from 1895-1917, Downton & Dyer 1918-mid 1980s) and No.147 (1879-1891).Of the above companies, WA Grubb & Co is well known as a butcher, operating branches throughout Australia, and who started his company from the George Street address.

Aesthetic significance: The buildings of 145-155 George Street are aesthetically significant as an intact streetscape grouping of late nineteenth and early twentieth century design. Individually the items are distinguishable from one another and are contributory items to the historic streetscape of The Rocks, collectively the grouping is significant for their landmark qualities. As a part of the George Street townscape, the item provides landmark significance and a historic urban backdrop as seen from the eastern side of Circular Quay and First Fleet Park and theSydney CBD, thus contributing to a defining spatial edge for the precinct.The building located at 145 George Street has local significance as a representative example of a commercial building designed in the Victorian Regency style. Stylistically, the building is an example of the transition between late Victorian and Federation periods.The East Elevation of 147 George Street, although substantially modified is a representative example of a commercial building designed in the Federation Free Style. This item is of local significance as a contributory item of this collection of buildings.The items collectively meet this criterion at a STATE level.The aesthetic significance of 145-155 George Street is demonstrated by:?Individually the items are of local significance. Collectively they are of state significance as a coherent and intact elevational composition within the historic streetscape of The Rocks.?Landmark qualities that functions as the gateway to The Rocks on entering the precinct from George Street.?The retention of late 19th and early 20th century fa?ade detailing provides scale and contrast to the backdrop of the CBD, and 'bookends' the George Street frontage of buildings that comprise the historic precinct of The Rocks.?The items have significance as a backdrop to the Circular Quay precinct, providing a built edge against First Fleet Park.

Social significance: The site has social significance in the development of democracy in Australia. In 1843 the first parliamentary elections in Australia - for New South Wales Legislative Council were held. Only men with a freehold valued at 200 pounds or a householder paying rent of 20 pounds per year could vote. One of the polling booths was set up in the building which covered 145-147 George St.The site may also have social significance to the Anglican Church which owned the land and collected revenue form leaseholders from 1840 until the plague resumptions in the early 20th century. The site may also have social significance to the staff and students of the Moore Theological College who's original benefactor Thomas Moore owned and lived on the site.

Research significance: The buildings at 145-155 George Street may retain evidence of the earliest phase of building on the subject site constructed by c1795. These early buildings, located along the George Street frontage, comprised the stone Underwood Buildings, an adjacent shop to the north and Thomas Moore's house.There is some probability of locating extant archaeological material from the Underwood Building and shop complex either beneath or within the curtilage of 153-155 George Street.It is likely this has been disturbed to some extent and may take the form of structural, cultural or landscape features.Archaeological evidence from a series of cottages erected on the southern section of the site during the 1820s-1830s may have survived later nineteenth and twentieth century developments.During the works for the DFS Galleria the area to the west of the item was excavated and will not have any archaeological potential. The area under the item footprint will have had disturbance as the current floor slab has been placed on ground. The items meet this Criterion at a LOCAL level of significance.The research potential of 145-155 George Street is demonstrated by:?Potential for remains of the earliest structures dating back to c1795, which were of substantial stone construction.

Rare assessment: The buildings of 145-155 George Street are not rare in NSW or locally and as a group the item does not meet this Criterion. The site however, was one of the first to be developed in the colony with Thomas Moore's house dating to c1795, this house was used as a polling place in the first elections ever held in the country.

Representative assessment: The buildings of 145-155 George Street do not have representative significance in NSW or locally and as a group do not meet this Criteria

Intact assessment: Potential archaeological resource beneath buildings on George St

Physical condition: Remaining heritage fabric is in good physical condition.Assessment Condition: Destroyed. Assessment Basis: Modern development. Excavated into bedrock.

Listings

References

Type	Author	Year	Title
Written	Higginbotham, Kass & Walker	1991	The Rocks and Millers Point Archaeological Management Plan
Written	SCRA	1980	Building Data Sheet , Globe Street Precinct
Written	Conybeare Morrison International	2007	Former New York Hotel, 153-155 George St the Rocks
Written	Godden Mackay / APT Peddle Thorp	1996	'Heritage Impact Statement' as a part of a 'Statement of Environmental Effects for Proposed Alterations, DFS (Australia), 155 George Street, The Rocks
Management Plan	CM+ for Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority	2012	Conservation Managment Plan

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